Five features of the Indian Economy at the time of India's Independence

 The Indian economy at the time of independence in 1947 had several key features, including:

1. Agriculture-based: The majority of the population was engaged in agriculture, and it was the primary source of livelihood for most people. The main crops were rice, wheat, sugarcane, and cotton.

2. Low industrial development: The industrial sector was underdeveloped, with only a small percentage of the population employed in manufacturing. Most industries were small-scale and handicraft-based.

3. Dependence on foreign trade: India had a large trade deficit and was heavily dependent on foreign trade for its economic growth. The country imported more goods than it exported, which led to a shortage of foreign exchange.

4. Low per capita income: The per capita income of the population was low, and a large percentage of the population lived below the poverty line.

5. High population density: India had a high population density, which led to pressure on land and natural resources. This, combined with low agricultural productivity, made it difficult for the country to sustain its population.

These features of the Indian economy at the time of independence were a result of centuries of colonial rule, which had stifled economic growth and development. The Indian government had to take several steps to address these issues and promote economic development in the post-independence period.